Understanding Flesh-Eating Bacteria
Flesh-eating bacteria may sound like a horror movie plot, but it’s a real and growing threat. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a health advisory in September 2023 due to an increase in cases of flesh-eating bacteria, which can lead to severe wound infections. Here’s what you need to know to protect yourself.
What Does ‘Flesh-Eating’ Mean?
Certain bacteria can infect wounds and cause a rare condition called necrotizing fasciitis. These bacteria don’t just harm the skin’s surface; they release toxins that destroy underlying tissues, including muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. If left untreated, this condition can be fatal within 48 hours.
The Culprits: Group A Strep and Vibrio vulnificus
The most common culprit behind necrotizing fasciitis is Group A Streptococcus (group A strep). However, the CDC’s latest warning highlights another dangerous bacterium: Vibrio vulnificus. While there are only 150 to 200 cases in the U.S. annually, its mortality rate is high, with 1 in 5 people succumbing to the infection.
How Can You Catch Flesh-Eating Bacteria?
Vibrio vulnificus thrives in warm seawater and brackish water. Infections are most common between May and October, affecting those who swim, fish or wade in these waters through open wounds or sores. Seafood from these areas, especially raw shellfish like oysters, can also carry the bacteria. Consuming undercooked seafood or handling it with an open wound can lead to infection.
Rising Infections: A Concerning Trend
Rising ocean temperatures due to global warming are expanding Vibrio vulnificus‘ habitat. It’s now found along the East Coast, as far north as New York and Connecticut. Stronger hurricanes and storm surges linked to climate change also contribute to infection spikes.
Symptoms and Treatment
Early signs of an infected wound include fever, redness, intense pain, swelling, ulcers, blisters, skin discoloration, and pus. Seeking immediate medical attention is crucial, as necrotizing fasciitis progresses rapidly.
Treatment involves antibiotics administered directly into the bloodstream and often surgical removal of damaged tissue to halt the infection’s spread, sometimes leading to limb amputation.
Preventing Infection
To protect yourself, follow CDC recommendations:
1. Cover fresh cuts, piercings, or tattoos with waterproof bandages when in waters potentially inhabited by Vibrio vulnificus.
2. Avoid handling raw seafood or fish if you have an open wound. Wash wounds from fishing, seafood preparation, or swimming with soap and water immediately.
3. Individuals with weakened immune systems, due to medications or pre-existing conditions, should take extra precautions.
Remember, necrotizing fasciitis remains rare, but staying informed and cautious is wise due to its severity.
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